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No. 275
Any reason you can't use your distro's package manager? In Ubuntu it should be something like "sudo apt-get install gcc" (or search for GCC in the graphical interface, mark it and click install).
Compiling GCC can be somewhat difficult and takes a while to finish. Considering you're completely lost I suggest you avoid compiling it yourself for now.
One more thing: you are using GNU/Linux (or some other *nix), right? I ask because the Windows GCC port is called MinGW. Read here http://www.mingw.org/wiki/Getting_Started for instructions on how to install it. There's a x86_64 version of it too, I'm not sure if you can get it from the official website, though. Or you can install GCC from Cygwin, instructions here: http://cygwin.com/install.html
.sum: checksum/hash for the files. It allows you to know if the downloaded file is broken and should be downloaded again
.tar.bz2: compressed archive (like .zip). You can extract it with "tar xjf filename.tar.bz2", or with 7-zip (which will extract a .tar, and you'll have to extract the .tar too to get the files).
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