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No. 5
Life changed greatly under Stalin, literacy rose to nearly 99% - from 5%, new universities opened, people could hold political office, women could have careers and hold office. Millions of new homes were built - mostly high rise apartments. Health-care and education were free - and good. And the country was transformed from an agricultural economy to a global superpower in about 15 years.
The means of this economic transformation were the policies of collectivising agriculture and the Five Year Plans.
The Five Year Plans built vast factories in places like Stalingrad, Leningrad and other cities across the Soviet Union. They also built hydro-electirc dams, canals, railways and other infrastructural projects. The aim of them was to modernise Soviet industry, to try to bridge the gap between the Western Democracies (including, after 1933 Nazi Germany). The Soviet Union before Stalin was still a backward, almost medieval country, roads were unmade, most people lived in villages in wooden houses and had no electricity, the five year plans changed all that - they created a massive urban working class, most of the country was electrified and in the cities most people lived in new apartments. And, most importantly, they provided the economic, political and social conditions that allowed the country to absorb the Nazi assault beginning in 1941 and to eventually push them all the way back to
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